函数对比

Oracle 11.2.0.4 MySQL 5.7.18

[TOC]

字符串函数

字符串函数汇总

功能 函数名 函数用法
大写 upper() select upper(‘booboo’) from dual;
小写 lower() select lower(‘Booboo’) from dual;
首字母大写 initcap() select initcap(‘booboo wei’) from dual;
字符连接 concat() select concat(‘select ‘,’a’,’ from dual’) from dual;
字符索引 instr() select instr(‘booboo’,’o’,2) from dual;
字符截取 substr() select substr(‘booboo’,instr(‘booboo’,’o’,2),4) from dual;
字符扩充 lpad()rpad() select lpad(‘booboo’,8,’*’) from dual;
首尾去除 trim() select trim(‘&’ from ‘’&&booboo&’) from dual;
字符替换 replace() select replace(‘booboo’,’o’,’O’) from dual;

学习中的难点

MySQL和Oracle的区别

数据库 Oracle MySQL
单词首字母 initcatp() 没有该函数
获取关键字索引位 instr() 四个参数 只有两个参数
执行函数的区别 select upper(‘a’) from dual; select upper(‘a’);
连接字符串 \ \ =concat() 求或运算

oracle 必须要从一个dual的虚表中进行查询;mysql不需要。

mysql> select length('booboowei') length,instr('booboowei','w') windex,substr('booboowei',7) sub7,trim('o' from 'ooboo') otrim,lpad('boo',6,'A') lpad,rpad('boo',6,'A') rpad ,replace('booboowei','o','O') replaceo,'Q'||'P',concat('Q','P');
+--------+--------+------+-------+--------+--------+-----------+----------+-----------------+
| length | windex | sub7 | otrim | lpad | rpad | replaceo | 'Q'||'P' | concat('Q','P') |
+--------+--------+------+-------+--------+--------+-----------+----------+-----------------+
| 9 | 7 | wei | b | AAAboo | booAAA | bOObOOwei | 0 | QP |
+--------+--------+------+-------+--------+--------+-----------+----------+-----------------+
mysql> select instr('sdsp','s') ;
+-------------------+
| instr('sdsp','s') |
+-------------------+
| 1 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select instr('sdsp','s',1) ;
ERROR 1582 (42000): Incorrect parameter count in the call to native function 'instr'

容易忘记的函数用法

函数 用法 举例子
trim() trim(‘remove_string’ from ‘Obj_string’) trim(‘&&’ from ‘&&abc&&&’)
replace() replace(‘Obj_string’,’old’,’new’) replace(‘booboo’,’o’,’O’)

为什么trim()用法记不住呢?

因为python中有个功能同样为去除首尾字符的字符串函数strim()用法为strim('&&abc&&','&&'),所以你懂的,容易搞混淆了,另外python中还有lstrim() rstrim()replace()·

为什么replace()函数难记呢?

用法是会用,但是容易将该函数的功能想多了,比如replace(‘booboo’,’o’,’O’,1) 只想替换第一个出现的o,但是oracle或mysql中的replace函数没有该功能,只能全部替换。

python中对字符串可以调用replace()函数,该函数可以选择只替换第一个出现的指定字符串。

>In [3]: a_str='booboowei'

>In [4]: a_str.replace('o','A')
>Out[4]: 'bAAbAAwei'

>In [7]: a_str.replace('o','A',1)
>Out[7]: 'bAoboowei'

>In [8]: a_str.replace('o','A',2)
>Out[8]: 'bAAboowei'

>In [9]: a_str.replace('o','A',4)
>Out[9]: 'bAAbAAwei'

string的replace方法中,第三个参数可以指定替换的字符的个数

数字函数

数字函数汇总

功能 函数名 函数用法
四舍五入 round() select round(3.1415,3) from dual;
截断 trunc() select trunc(3.1415,3) from dual;
取余数 mod() select mod(3,2) from dual;
绝对值 abs() select abs(-10) from dual;
取>= X 的最小整数 ceil() select ceil(3.14) from dual;
取<= X 的最大整数值 floor() select floor(3.14) from dual;
乘方 power() select power(3,2) from emp;

学习中的难点

MySQL和Oracle的区别

数据库 Oracle MySQL
截断 trunc() 没有trunc()函数
取余 mod() mod()和%
取>= X 的最小整数 ceil() ceil()和ceiling()

MySQL实例

mysql> select round(3.1415,3) round,substr(3.1415,1,5) trunc,mod(3,2) modf, 3%2,abs(-1) abs ,ceil(3.14) ceil,ceiling(3.14) ceiling,floor(3.14) floor,power(3,2);
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------+---------+-------+------------+
| round | trunc | modf | 3%2 | abs | ceil | ceiling | floor | power(3,2) |
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------+---------+-------+------------+
| 3.142 | 3.141 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 9 |
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------+---------+-------+------------+

日期函数

日期函数汇总

函数分类 功能 函数名 函数用法
现在的时间 sysdate select sysdate from dual;
月减 months_between() select months_between(sysdate,hiredate) from emp;
月加 add_months() select add_months(hiredate,3) from emp;
天减 D1-D2 select sysdate-hiredate from emp;
天加 D1+D2 select sysdate+3 from emp;
下一个周几 next_day() select next_day(sysdate,’friday’) from dual;
当月最后一天 last_day() select last_day(sysdate) from dual;
日期四舍五入 round() select round(sysdate,’year’) from dual;
日期截断 trunc() select truncate(sysdate,’year’) from dual;

学习中的难点

MySQL和Oracle的区别

数据库 Oracle MySQL
返回现在的系统时间 sysdate sysdate()、now()、curdate()等
月份相减 months_between()
月份相加 add_months() date_add(sysdate(), interval 2 month)
日期相减(天) D1-D2 datediff(D1,D2)
日期相加(天) D1+Days date_add(sysdate(), interval 2 day)

MySQL实例

  • Oracle的日期可以直接相加减,而MySQL的日期必须使用date_add()来进行加运算
  • MySQL中没有对日期的round()和trunc()
  • Oracle通过YY年和RR年来记录和读取二位年;MySQL通过对比70来确定二位年
mysql> select sysdate(),sysdate()+30,date_add(sysdate(),interval + 30 day) dateaddday,date_add(sysdate(),interval + 1 month) dateaddmonth;
+---------------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| sysdate() | sysdate()+30 | dateaddday | dateaddmonth |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2017-10-10 14:48:19 | 20171010144849 | 2017-11-09 14:48:19 | 2017-11-10 14:48:19 |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select round(sysdate(),'year');
+-------------------------+
| round(sysdate(),'year') |
+-------------------------+
| 20171010105032 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> select round(sysdate(),3);
+--------------------+
| round(sysdate(),3) |
+--------------------+
| 20171010105040.000 |
+--------------------+

mysql> select convert('91-01-09',date),convert('01-01-09',date);
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| convert('91-01-09',date) | convert('01-01-09',date) |
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| 1991-01-09 | 2001-01-09 |
+--------------------------+--------------------------+

转换函数

转换函数汇总

函数分类 功能 函数名 函数用法
转字符串 数字转字符串 to_char() select to_char(3.14,’$09.99’) from dual;
日期转字符串 to_char() select to_char(sysdate,’rrrr-dd-mm’) from dual;
转数字 字符串转数字 to_num() select to_num(‘3.14’,’$09.99’) from dual;
转日期 字符串转日期 to_date() select to_date(‘2017’,’rr’) from dual;

学习中的难点

MySQL和Oracle的区别

数据库 Oracle MySQL
数字转字符串 to_char(3.14,’$09.99’) convert(‘3.14’,char) 或cast(‘3.14’ as char)
日期转字符串 to_char(sysdate,’rrrr-dd-mm’) conver(sysdate(),char) 或cast(sysdate as char)或 date_format(now(),’%Y-%m-%d’) 或 time_format(now(),’%H-%i-%S’)
字符串转数字 to_num(‘3.14’,’$09.99’) convert(‘3.14’,decimal(6,4)) 或 cast(‘30’ as signed)
字符串转日期 to_date(‘2017’,’rr’) convert(‘2017-09-08’,date) 或cast(‘2017-09-08’ as date) 或STR_TO_DATE(‘2004-03-01’, ‘%Y-%m-%d’)
  • MySQL中通过convert()和cast()函数实现数据类型的转换
  • MySQL中没有to_char()、to_num()、to_date()函数

MySQL实例

mysql> select convert('30.01',signed) convet_num ,cast('30.01' as signed) cast_num;
+------------+----------+
| convet_num | cast_num |
+------------+----------+
| 30 | 30 |
+------------+----------+

常规函数(null)

常规函数汇总

函数分类 功能 函数名 函数用法
化空为有 1空则2,1不空则1 nvl() select nvl(null,2) from dual;
1空则3,1不空则2 nvl2() select nvl2(null,2,3) from dual;
等值判断 1=2则null,否则1 nullif() select nullif(1,2) from dual;
枚举非空值 返回第一个非空值 coalesce() select coalesce(null,1,2,3) from dual;

学习中的难点

MySQL和Oracle的区别

数据库 Oracle MySQL
化空为有 nvl() nvl2() ifnull()
等值判断 nullif() nullif()
枚举非空值 coalesce() coalesce()

MySQL没有类似nvl2()的函数

MySQL实例

mysql> select ifnull(null,2),ifnull(1,2),isnull(null),coalesce(null,null,3);
+----------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| ifnull(null,2) | ifnull(1,2) | isnull(null) | coalesce(null,null,3) |
+----------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
+----------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------+

条件表达式

条件表达式汇总

条件表达式分类 功能 函数字 用法
case表达式 条件判断 case when esle end select case job when ‘SALESMAN’ then sal*1.15 else sal end from emp;
decode函数 条件判断 decode() select decode(job,’SALESMAN’,sal*1.15,sal) from emp;

学习中的难点

MySQL和Oracle的区别

数据库 Oracle MySQL
条件判断 case表达式 case表达式
decode() IF(job=’SALESMAN’,sal*1.15,sal),if(),if()

MySQL没有decode()的函数,但是可以用多个if()代替

MySQL实例

mysql> select case 1 when 1 then 'ok' when 2 then 'okk' else '0kkk' end casecol,coalesce(if(1=1,'ok',null),if(1=2,'okk',null)) ifcol;
+---------+-------+
| casecol | ifcol |
+---------+-------+
| ok | ok |
+---------+-------+

rank()

rank() 可用于分组排序,获取以A列分组后,按照B列从高到低的排序后获取每组前3名

# oracle
select id,md,qy,yj,rank () over (partition by qy order by yj desc) Ord from booboo;
# mysql
select id,qy,yj,rank from
(select b.id,b.qy,b.yj,@rownum:=@rownum+1 , if(@pdept=b.qy,@rank:=@rank+1,@rank:=1) as rank, @pdept:=b.qy
from
(select id,qy,yj from booboo order by qy,yj desc ) b ,
(select @rownum :=0 , @pdept := null ,@rank:=0) c ) result
where rank <=3 ;
# mysql
mysql> desc booboo;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| md | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| qy | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| yj | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from booboo;
+----+------+----------+------+
| id | md | qy | yj |
+----+------+----------+------+
| 1 | a | shanghai | 10 |
| 2 | b | beijing | 8 |
| 3 | c | shanghai | 9 |
| 4 | d | beijing | 10 |
+----+------+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select qy,rank,md,yj from (select b.id,b.md,b.qy,b.yj,@rownum:=@rownum+1 , if(@pdept=b.qy,@rank:=@rank+1,@rank:=1) as rank, @pdept:=b.qy from (select id,md,qy,yj from booboo order by qy,yj desc ) b ,(select @rownum :=0 , @pdept := null ,@rank:=0) c)re;
+----------+------+------+------+
| qy | rank | md | yj |
+----------+------+------+------+
| beijing | 1 | d | 10 |
| beijing | 2 | b | 8 |
| shanghai | 1 | a | 10 |
| shanghai | 2 | c | 9 |
+----------+------+------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 简化
mysql> select * from (select name,age,if(home=@hm,@rownum:=@rownum+1,@rownum:=1) rownum,@hm:=home from (select * from stu order by home,age desc )b,(select @rownum :=0 , @pdept := null ,@rank:=0)c) d where rownum<=2;
+--------+------+--------+-----------+
| name | age | rownum | @hm:=home |
+--------+------+--------+-----------+
| kk | 18 | 1 | beijing |
| batman | 10 | 2 | beijing |
| tom | 10 | 1 | shanghai |
| super | 9 | 2 | shanghai |
+--------+------+--------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)